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Sanskrit Lesson

Samskruta Paatam (Sanskrit Lesson)

Time, Season, Months, Weeks, Directions, 9 Planets, Colors, Relations,

Handicapped, Feelings, Animals, Birds & Insects, Body Parts, Ornaments,

Cloths-Decorations, Metals & Ores, Job Holders, 9 Grains, Fruits,

NumberSystem, Numerical Position
.

Kalaha - Kaalamu - Time

Kshanah         - Kshnamu         - Minute
Muhuurthah      - Muhuutrtamu     - Time
Ahoraatram      - pagalu-raatri   - Day and Night
	          rayimbavallu
Pakshah         - Pakshamu        - fortnight
Suklapakshah    - Suklapakshamu   - first 15 days of the month
Krishnapakshamu - Krishnapakshamu - last 15 days of the month
Maasah          - Maasamu         - Month
Rutuh           - Rutuvu          - Season
Aayanam         - Aayanamu        - 6 months
Uttaraayanam    - Uttaraayanamu   - first 6 months
Dakshinaayanam  - Dashinaayanamu  - last 6 months
vatsarah        - samvatsaramu    - Year
Prabhaatam,praatah- Udayam        - Morning
Saayam          - Saayamkalamu    - Evening
Nisaa, raatrih  - Raatri          - Night
Adya            - Eppudu, Eroju   - Now, Today
Svah            - Repu            - Tomorrow
Hyuuh           - ninna           - Yesterday
Parasvah        - Ellundi         - Day after Tomorrow
Ushah           - Vekuvajaamu     - Dawn
Adhuna  	- Eppudu       	  - Now
Divaa		- Pagalu	  - Daytime
Naktam          - Raatri	  - Nighttime
Divasah 	- Dinamu	  - Day
Thidhi		- Thidhi
Amaavaasyaa 	- Amaavaasya	  - Newmoon
Poornima        - Poornima        - Fullmoon
.

Rutuvah - Rutuvulu - Season

Vasantah       	- Vasanta Rutuvu  - Spring
Greeshmah	- Greeshma Rutuvu - Summer Season
Varshah		- Varsh Rtuvu	  - Rainy Season
Sarat		- Saratdrutuvu	  - 
Hemantah	- Hemanta Rutuvu  - Autunm
Sisirah 	- sisira Rutuvu   - Winter
.

Maasah - Maasamulu - Months

Although there are 12 months in a telugu calender they do not syncronize with the english calender. Months start and end according to the planetary motion so they are not exact as in the English calender.
        
Chaitah 	- Chaitram
Vaisaakhah	- Vaisaakhamu
Jaishtah 	- Jaishtamu
Aashaadah 	- Aashaadamu
Sraavanah 	- sraavanamu
Bhaadrapadah 	- Bhaadrapadamu
Aasvinah 	- Aasveejamu
Kaarteekah 	- Kaarteekamu
Maargaseershah  - Maargasiramu
Poushah       	- pushyamu
Maaghah 	- Maaghamu
Paalgunah 	- Phaalgunamu
.

Vaasaraah - Vaaramulu - Date

Saptaah 	- Edu roajulu	  - Week
Bhaanuvaasarah	- Adivaaramu 	  - Sunday
Imduvaasasarah  - Somavaaramu  	  - Monday
Bhoumavaasarah	- Mangalavaaramu  - Tuesday
Soumyavaasarah  - Bhudhavaaramu   - Wednesday
Guruvaasarah	- Guruvaaramu     - Thursday
Sukravaasarah   - Sukravaaramu    - Friday
Sanivaasarah    - Sanivaaramu     - Saturday
.

Dhisah - Dhikkulu - Direction

Puurvaa, praachi- Tuurpu	  - East
Dhakshinaa,	- Dhakshinamu	  - South
Avaachi
Paschimaa,	- Padamara	  - West
Prateechii	
Uttaraa,	- Uttaramu	  - North
Udeechii
Ishaanee 	- Eesaanyam muula - North-East corner
Aagnaeyaa	- Aagnaeya muula  -
Nair Runaa	- Nai Ruti muula  -
Vaayanyaa	- Vaayu muula 	  -
.

Navagrah - Navagrahamulu - 9 Planets

The 9 planets of Hindu cosmology may not necessarily be planets, but they seem to determine the life of the humans. Hence there are regarded as demigods.
Suuryah 	- Suuryudu	  - Sun
Chandrah	- Chamdrudu	  - Moon
Kujah		- Kujudu	  - Mars
Budhah		- Bhudhudu	  - Mercury
Guruh		- Gurudu	  - Jupiter
Sukrah		- Sukrudu	  - Venus
Sanih		- Sani		  - Saturn
Raahuh		- Raahuvu	  - North node
Kaetuh		- Kaetuvu	  - South node
.

Varnah - Ramgulu - Colours

Suklah 		- Telupu	  - White
Neelah		- Nalupu	  - Black
Peetah		- Pasupu	  - Yellow
Raktah		- Erupu		  - Red
Haritah		- Paccha	  - Green
Kapisah		- Goadhumaramgu	  - Baize
Dhuusarah	- Buudidharamgu	  - Grey
Soanah		- Chikkani Erupu  - Scarlet
Arunah		- Komchemu Erupu  - Light red
Paatalah	- Telupu minchina erupu - Pink
.

Baamdhavaah - bandhuvulu - Relations

Maataa 		- Talli 	  - mother
Pitaa 		- tamdri 	  - father
Maataa mahah 	- talliki tamdri  - grandfather(mother's father)
Pitaa mahah 	- tamdriki tamdri - grandfather (father's father)
Maatamahi 	- talliki talli   - grandmother (mother's mother)
Pitaamahi 	- tamdriki talli  - grandmother (father's mother)
Patihi 		- bartha  	  - husband
Patnihi 	- bhaarya 	  - wife
Putrah,sutaha 	- kumaarudu 	  - son
Putrii, sutaa 	- kumaarte 	  - daughter
Sisuhu 		- bidda 	  - child
Bhaginee 	- soadari 	  - sister
Bhraataa 	- soadarudu 	  - brother
Jyaeshta bhraataa - anna 	  - elder brother
Jyaeshta bhagini- akka 	 	  - elder sister
Kanishta bhraataa- tammudu 	  - younger brother
Kanishta bhagini- chelli 	  - younger sister
Maatulah 	- maenamama 	  - uncle(mother's brother)
Maatulaani 	- maenatta 	  - aunt(mother's brother's wife)
PitRvyah 	- pinatamdri, pedda tamdri - uncle (father's brother)
PitRshyasa 	- maenatta 	  - aunt(father's sister)
SRsruuh 	- atta 	 	  - mother in law
Svaesurah 	- maama 	  - father in law
Syaalah 	- baavamaridi 	  - wife's brother
Nanaandaa 	- adapaduchu	  - husband's sister
Devarah 	- maridi	  - husband's little brother
Poutrah 	- putruni koduku  - grandson(son's son)
Poutri 		- putrini kuuturu - grand daughter (son's daughter)
Dohitrah	- kuuturi koduku  - grandson(daughter's son)
Dowhitriih 	- kuuturi kumaarthe - granddaughter(daughter's daughter)
Bhaaginaeyah 	- maenalludu 	  - Nephew(sister's son) 
.

Vikalaamgaah - Amgaviheenulu - Handicapped

Amdhah		- Gruddivaadu	  - Blind
Badhirah	- Chavitivaadu	  - Deaf
Vigrah, Vinasah	- Muukkidi	  - Mute
Kubjah		- Guunivaadu	  - Hunchback
Pamguh		- Kuntivaadu	  - Lame
Karvah		- Pottivaadu	  - 
Muukah		- Muugavaadu	  - Mute
.

Manobhaavah - Manobhaavamulu - Feelings

Anamdah 	- aanamdamu 	  - Happiness
Koapah 		- koapamu 	  - Anger
Hasah 		- navvu 	  - Smile
Roadanam 	- aedupu 	  - Cry
Dukham 		- dukhamu 	  - Sorrow
Dayaa 		- daya 		  - Mercy
Vismayah 	- aascharyamu 	  - Surprise
Bhayam 		- bhayamu 	  - Fear
Garvah 		- garvamu 	  - Pride
Lajja 		- siggu 	  - Shy
Kshaantih 	- oarpu 	  - Patience
Asuyaa 		- asuuya 	  - Jealousy
Kaamah 		- aasa 		  - Lust,wish
Prema 		- prema 	  - Love
Ichchaa 	- korika 	  - Want
Chantaa 	- chimta(vichaaramu)- Worry
Vutkantaa 	- aturata 	  - Anxiety,eager
Vutsaah 	- vutsaahamu 	  - Vigour
.

Mrugaah - Mrugamulu - Animals

Simhah 		- simhamu 	  - lion
Vyaagrah 	- puli 	 	  - tiger
Varaahah 	- pamdi 	  - pig
Vaasarah 	- koati 	  - monkey
Bhalluukah 	- elugubamtu 	  - bear
Mahishah 	- enupoatu
SRgaalah 	- nakka 	  - fox
Bidaalah 	- pilli 	  - cat
VRkah 		- Toadealu 	  - wolf
Harinah 	- jimka 	  - deer
Sasah 		- kumdaelu 	  - rabbit
Gajah 		- aenugu 	  - elephant
Asvah 		- gurramu 	  - horse
VRshabhah 	- addu 	  	  - bull
Saaramaeyah 	- kukka 	  - dog
Dhaenuh 	- aavu 		  - cow
Gowh 		- aavu 		  - cow
Ushtrah 	- omte 		  - camel
Gardabhah 	- gaaDida 	  - donkey
Ajah 		- maeka 	  - goat
Vatsah 		- duuDa 	  - calf
Kaasarah 	- (dunna) aDavidunna
Lulaayah 	- enupoatu
Mahishii 	- gaede 	  - bullocks
.

Kgaah - Pakshulu & Kaetakamulu - Birds & Insects

Pikah 		- koeyala 	  - koyal
Kapoatah 	- paavuramu 	  - pigeon
Vuluukah 	- gruDlaguuba 	  - owl
Kukkuta 	- koaDi		  - hen
Chatakah 	- picchuka 	  - sparrow
Kaakah 		- kaaki 	  - crow
GRdhrah 	- gradda 	  - hawk
Sukah 		- chiluka 	  - parrot
Bakah 		- komga 	  - crane
GaruDdah 	- garuDapakshi 	  - eagle
Mayuurah 	- nemali 	  - peacock
Hamsah 		- hamsamu 	  - swan
Madhapah 	- tummeda 	  - bee
Saraghaa 	- taenetiiga 	  - honey bee
Makshikaa 	- eega 		  -
Masakah 	- doama 	  - mosquito
MatkuNah 	- nalli 	  - bed bug 
.

Sareerasya bhagah - Sareera bhagamulu - Body parts

Sareeram 	- sareeramu 	  - Body
Sirah 		- tala 		  - Head
Vadanam 	- muKamu,noaru 	  - Face, mouth
KamThah 	- gomtu,meDa 	  - Neck
Karah 		- chaeyi 	  - Hand
Bhajah 		- bhajamu 	  - Shoulder
Vakshah 	- rommu 	  - Chest
Vudaram 	- kaDupu 	  - Stomach
Naabhih 	- boDDu     	  -
Ooruh 		- toDa 		  - Tigh
Jaanuh 		- moakaalu 	  - Knee
AmgushThah 	- boTanavraelu 	  - Thumb
Tarjanee 	- chuupuDu vraelu - First finger from thumb
Madhyamaa 	- naDimivreelu 	  - Middle finger
Anaamikaa 	- vumgarapu vreelu- Ring finger
KanishTikaa 	- chiTikenavreelu - Little finger
Paadah 		- paadamu 	  - Feet
Naetram 	- kannu 	  - Eye
KarNah 		- chevi 	  - Ear
Naasikaa,naasaa - mukku 	  - Nose
MuKam 		- muKamu 	  - Face
Jihvaa 		- naaluka 	  - Tongue
Rasanaa 	- naaluka 	  - Tongue
Dantah 		- pallu 	  - Tooth
Amgulee 	- vraelu 	  - Finger
NaKa 		- goeru 	  - Nail
Kaesah 		- vemDruka 	  - Hair
Bhruuh 		- kanubomma 	  - Eyelid
LalaaTam 	- nuduru 	  - Forehead 
.

Bhushanani - Nagalu - Ornaments

BhuushaNam 	- aabharaNamu 	  - Ornament
KireeTam 	- kireeTamu 	  - Crown
ChuuDaamaNi 	- siroaratnamu 	  - Crown diamond
Karlikaa, kumDalam- aomTupoagu 	  - Stud
Haarah 		- haaram 	  - Chain
AekaavaLih 	- mutyapumaala 	  - Pearl chain
MaiKalaa,	- oDDaaNamu 	  - Waist ornament(belt)
Kaamchee
KamkaNam 	- kaDiyam 	  - Bracelet
Amgadah 	- amgadamu,	  - Shoulder ornament
		  bhujakeerthi
Nuupuram 	- kaaligajje(arade)-Anklet
.

Vasanaani,Vrasaadhanaanicha - Vastramulu,Alamkaara saadhanamulu - Cloths, Decors

Vastram 	- vastramu 	  - Cloth
Kshaamam 	- paTTu vastramu  - Silk cloth
Karpatah 	- chinugu guDDa   - Rag
KambaLih 	- kambaLi 	  - Rug
Ahatam 		- vutikinadi 	  - Washed
Anaahatam 	- vutakanidi 	  - Unwashed
DarpaNah 	- addamu 	  - Mirror
Prasaadhanee 	- duvvena 	  - Comb
Vyajanam 	- visinakarra 	  - Hand fan
Kamchukah 	- chokkaa,ravika  - Shirt,Blouse
.

Lohah, Kanijaahcha - Lohamulu, Kanijamulu - metals,raw materials

SuvarNam 	- bamgaaru 	  - Gold
Rajatam 	- vemDi 	  - Silver
Pittalam 	- ettaDi 	  - Brass
Taamram 	- raagi  	  - Copper
Ayah 		- inumu 	  - Iron
Seesam 		- seesamu 	  - Mercury
Kaamsyam 	- kamchu 	  - Bronze
Trapu 		- tagaramu	  - Tin
Paaradah 	- paadarasamu	  - Mercury
Abhrakam 	- abhrakamu	  - Mica 
.

Vruttikaraah - Vruttulu chaeyuvaaru - Job holders

Tkshkah 	- vaDramgi 	  - Carpentry
Rajakah 	- chaakili	  - Laundry
Naapitah 	- maogali	  - Barber
SwarNakaarah 	- aagasaale 	  - Goldsmith
		  (kamasaali)
Loahakaarah 	- kammari	  - Blacksmith
Tamtuvaayah 	- saale	 	  - Weaver
Sowchikah 	- darjee	  - Tailor
Kulaalah 	- kumaari	  - Potter
Maalaakaarah 	- damDalalluvaaDu - Garland maker
Chitrakaarah 	- chitrakaarudu	  - Painter
Charmakaarah 	- maadiga
NaTah 		- naTuDu	  - Actor
Vyaadhah 	- boaya		  - Hunter
Vaitanikah 	- jeetagaadu	  - Laborer
Vaartaavahah 	- vaartalu telupuvaadu - News reporter
Choarah 	- domga 	  - Thief
Kimkarah,  	- saevakuDu	  - Servant
Saevakah
.

Navadhaanyaani - navadhaanyamulu - Nine grains(nine varieties of grains)

Goadhuumah 	- goadhuma 	  - wheat
Vreehih 	- varidhaanyamu	  - Paddy
Dhakah 		- kamdulu	  - tur
Amudgah 	- pesalu	  - Moong
ChaNakah 	- senagalu	  - Chickpea
Tilam 		- nuvvulu	  - Sesame
Maashah 	- minumulu	  - 
KuSutthah 	- vulavalu	  - Soya
Raajamaashah 	- alachamdalu	  - Kidney beans
.

Phalaani - PamDlu - Fruits

Amram 		- maamiDipamDu	  - Mango
Panasam 	- panasapamDu	  - Jackfruit
Naarikaelam 	- Teokaaya	  - Coconut
Draakshaa 	- draaksha	  - Grape
Jambeeram 	- nimma		  - Lemon
Kapittham 	- velaga
Kadalee 	- araTi		  - Banana
Jambuuh 	- naeraedu 	  -
Amalakam 	- vusireeka	  - Indian gooseberry
Badaram 	- raegupamDu	  -
.

SamKyaavaachikaani - SamKyaavaachakamu - Number system

Aekah		- okaTi	   	  - One
Dvow 		- remDu 	  - Two
Traya 		- muuDu 	  - Three
Chatvaarah	- naalugu 	  - Four
Pancha 		- idu 	 	  - Five
ShaT 		- aaru 		  - Six
Sapta 		- aeDu 		  - Seven
AshTa, aashTaa 	- enimidi 	  - Eight
Nava 		- tommidi 	  - Nine
DaSa 		- pada 		  - Ten
AekaadaSa 	- padunokamDu 	  - Eleven
DvaadaSa 	- pamDremDu 	  - Twelve
Trayao daSa 	- padamuuDu 	  - Thirteen
ChaturdhaSa 	- padunaalgu 	  - Fourteen
PamchadaSa 	- padunaidu 	  - Fifteen
ShoaDaSa 	- padunaaru  	  - Sixteen
SaptadaSa 	- padunaeDu 	  - Seventeen
AshToDaSa	 - padunenimidi   - Eighteen
NavadaSa 	- pamdommidi      - Nineteen
VimSatih 	- eravai 	  - Twenty
TroSat 		- muppai 	  - Thirty
ChatvaarmSat	- nalabhai 	  - Fourty
PamchaaSat 	- yaabhai 	  - Fifty
ShashTah 	- aravai 	  - Sixty
Saptatih 	- debhai 	  - Seventy
Aseetih 	- enabhai 	  - Eighty
Navatih 	- tombhai 	  - Ninety
Satam 		- nuuru 	  - Hundred
Sahasram 	- vaeyi 	  - Thousand
Laksham 	- laksha 	  - Lakh
KoaTih 		- koaTi 	  - Crore
.

SamKyeyavaachakaani - samKyaastaanamulu - Number positioning

Prathamah 	- modaTi,okatava  - First
Dviteeyah 	- remDava 	  - Second 
TRteeyah 	- muuDava 	  - Third
Chaturdhah 	- naalgava 	  - Fourth
Pamchamah 	- idava 	  - Fifth
ShashTah 	- aarava 	  - Sixth
Saptama 	- aeDava 	  - Seventh
AshTamah 	- enimidava 	  - Eigth
Navamah 	- tommidava 	  - Nineth
DaSamah 	- padava 	  - Tenth
AekaadaSa 	- padunokamdova   - Eleventh
DvaadaSa 	- pamDremDava 	  - Twelveth
Trayao daSah 	- padamuuDava 	  - Thirteenth 
ChaturdhaSah 	- padunaalgava 	  - Fourteenth
PamchadaSah 	- padunaidava 	  - Fifteenth
ShoaDaSah 	- padunaarava 	  - Sixteenth 
SaptadaSah 	- padunaeDava 	  - Seventeenth
AshToDaSah 	- padunenimidava  - Eighteenth
NavadaSah 	- pamdommidava 	  - Nineteenth 
VimSatih 	- eravai 	  - Twenteth 
TroSah 		- muppai 	  - Thirtyth
ChatvaarmSah 	- nalabhai 	  - Fourtyth
PamchaaSah 	- yaabhai 	  - Fiftyth
ShashTamah 	- aravai 	  - Sixtyth
Saptatitamah 	- debhai 	  - Seventyth
ASeetitamah 	- enabhai 	  - Eightyth
Paadam 		- paatika 	  - Twentyfive
Ardham 		- sagamu 	  - Half
Paadoanam 	- muppatika 	  - Thirty
Sapaadaikam 	- okaTimpaavu 	  - one and quarter
Saardekam 	- okaTinnara 	  - One and half
Paadoanadvayam 	- okaTimuppavu 	  - One and three quarter
Sapaadadvayam 	- remDumpaatika   - Two and quarter
Saardhadvayam 	- remDunnara 	  - Two and half
Paadoanatrayam 	- remDummuppaavu  - Two and three quarter
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